Bunions are an unnatural, bony bump that grows on the big toe at the base of the joint. Bunions occur when the big toe moves toward the other toes, this causes the big toe joint to grow in the opposite direction, away from the normal profile of the foot. In time, the unnatural position enlarges the big toe joint, causing the toes to crowd together and resulting in pain.
Bunions develop for a variety of reasons, however a common cause is wearing shoes that are too tight. Other reasons for bunions to develop include a hereditary defect or other medical condition, such as arthritis.
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Rest and avoiding excess walking
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Wearing loose or wide shoe, avoiding high heels
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Anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen or naproxen can help relieve pain and reduce swelling
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Special stretching exercises can help reduce tension on the bunion
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Wearing a splint at night may be helpful in providing relief
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Special orthotics may be prescribed that offer support
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A cortisone injection at the base of the big toe may offer pain relief
The surgery to remove a bunion is known as a bunionectomy. A bunionectomy can correct deformity and relieve pain leading to improved function. These procedures usually involve removing the bony growth of the bunion while at the same time realigning the big toe. Surgery is usually successful; if the pain is not relieved the result may be that the big toe returns to its previous position following surgery. Wearing proper footwear and avoiding activity that inflame the big toe can help eliminate the chances of the surgery failing.
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